1. Finishing involves smoothing and leveling the surface of the concrete to achieve the desired texture and appearance. This can be done using various tools, such as Trowels and Floats. Brooming is a specific Finishing technique used to create a textured surface that improves traction and reduces slipperiness. After the concrete has begun to set but is still workable, a Broom is dragged across the surface, leaving a series of fine lines. This method is particularly useful for outdoor surfaces like sidewalks and driveways, where slip resistance is important.2. Expansion Joints

2. Expansion joints are critical for accommodating the natural expansion and contraction of concrete due to temperature changes and other environmental factors. These joints are installed at regular intervals to prevent cracks from forming as the concrete expands or contracts. Expansion joints typically consist of a flexible material that allows for movement while maintaining structural integrity. 

3. Sealing

Once the concrete has Cured sufficiently, applying a Sealant is crucial to protect it from moisture, chemicals, and wear. Sealing helps prevent water infiltration, which can lead to cracking and deterioration over time. There are various types of sealers available, including penetrating sealers that soak into the concrete and film-forming sealers that create a protective layer on the surface.

4. Stripping

Stripping involves removing the molds or Forms used to shape the concrete. This step is typically done once the concrete has reached sufficient strength to support itself. The timing of Formwork removal depends on the type of Concrete Mix and environmental conditions. Stripping too early can lead to deformities or damage, while waiting too long can delay subsequent construction activities.

5. Waterproofing

For structures like foundation walls, waterproofing is essential to prevent moisture from seeping through and causing damage. After formwork stripping, a waterproofing membrane or coating is applied to the exterior surface of the Foundation walls. This layer acts as a barrier against water infiltration, protecting the Concrete and the structure it supports.

6. Backfilling

Refers to the process of filling the space around the foundation with soil or other materials once the Foundation work is complete. This step is critical for stabilizing the structure and providing support to the foundation walls. The backfill material is typically placed in layers and compacted to ensure stability and reduce the risk of settlement.